Internet Courses essays

Web Courses papers Take normal courses or take web courses? 10 years back, tutoring still implied that the understudies sat in a study hall while tuning in to the teacher⠡â ¯s addresses. Presently, we have another decision, which implies the web courses. We can tune in to the talks on line while sitting on the agreeable seat at home. Someone imagine that taking the web course is actually an extraordinary method to learn in light of the fact that it is comfort and productivity, while the others may contend  ¡Ã‚ °Does it contain suitable material for us? Does it accomplish a similar quality as the normal course?â ¡ Whether it is acceptable or not, web courses is presently accessible for us. To begin with, let⠡â ¯s review how could we concentrate in a study hall when the web isn't accessible. We sat with our cohorts while the instructor giving us the talk. The instructor examined the issues with the understudies, gave the tests, additionally gathered assignments . Obviously, concentrate in an ordinary class is a decent technique for learning. It can keep up a little size of class and arrive at the high caliber of accomplishment. In 1978, Smith and Glass distributed a meta-investigation consolidating the aftereffects of 77 exact examinations relating to the connection between class size and accomplishment, and before long tailed it with a second meta-examination breaking down the connection between class size and different results. In general, they found that little classes were related with higher accomplishment at all evaluation levels, and if understudy task was painstakingly controlled. In their subsequent investigation, they reasoned that little classes were prevalent as far as understudies' responses, educator confidence, and the nature of the instructional environment.[1] Then again, does a web class can keep up a little size of class? Clearly, it can not. Another large bit of leeway of taking customary classes is that individuals can make a great deal of companions in school. They can talk about the issues, share their encounters, either fortunate or unfortunate, make a gr ... <!

Failure of Reconstruction

Disappointment of Reconstruction is characterized as a thing that has been revamped in the wake of being harmed or annihilated. Following the common war the South was a lot of harmed both truly and inwardly. The extreme republicans attempted to reshape the south for their own advantage which was ineffective no matter how you look at it for some reasons. Eventually reproduction neglected to achieve the objectives of the free blacks and radical republicans on the grounds that the radicals needed a hard recreation of the south that was unreasonable on the grounds that it ignored the existence objectives of the recently liberated African Americans.Once the thirteenth amendment finished bondage the recently liberated blacks of the south had some significant objectives at the top of the priority list. In the source â€Å"Jourdon Anderson, Letter To P. H. Anderson† Jourdon talks about his destinations as a liberated person which incorporated the wages he earned working for his previo us ace, instruction and insurance of his youngsters, and to be treated with deference ( Reading, 159). It was not simply Jordon who wished these things; the entirety of the recently liberated blacks were looking for these objectives and different objectives as well.Even however the extreme republicans unequivocally contradicted bondage, their objectives during recreation didn't actually bolster the black’s objectives. Radical republicans focused on a hard recreation of the south that would delete the gross disparities in riches made by bondage. They accepted the most ideal approach to achieve this was by splitting the land in the south. Removing the land from the renegades and offering it to the freedmen. Radicals immovably accepted the property of the renegades should pay for the national obligation brought about by the Civil War (Reading, 161). The southerners didn't bolster this thought whatsoever.They are incredibly furious with Thaddeus Stevens for needing to split their property, land that has been in their families for ages, and give that land to dark individuals (Reading, 161). Southerners attempted to enroll previous slaves back to their ranches so as to keep a little piece of subjection existing (Reading, 159). At last the white southerners needed to set up racial oppression. They did as such with savagery, enrolling dread in the blacks and interracial couples by lynching (Reading, 169). Georges Clemencau was a French doctor and writer, secured Washington governmental issues for a French newspaper.In the source â€Å"U. S. Senate, Reports On ‘Outrages Committed By Disloyal Persons’† Clemencau discusses the twofold standard the U. S. government has for military and common leaders of the Confederate government. He discusses how the whites mightily get what they need in any capacity they need climate it’s unlawful or not (Reading, 167). The objectives of the extreme republicans rotated around making the southerners pay for the war harms, allowing blacks to be free individuals, and disposing of the vas varieties in riches among the slave owners.While these objectives crease reasonable, the degree wherein the extreme republicans needed them done was most certainly not. Just as these objectives couldn't be finished without help from others, and the white southerners didn't bolster these objectives. The free blacks fortified these objectives, yet they were not at the highest priority on their rundown of objectives following the abrogation of bondage. Consequently making recreation come up short for absence of help and the immense measure of penance they requested from the southerners.

Magical Attic Misty Pig Friendship Word Search

Magical Attic Misty Pig Friendship Word Search A challenging word search for early elementary readers Early readers can build reading, writing, and word-recognition skills with this challenging word search. Children are asked to find and circle a group of words related to friendship and kindness. BCP Imagines BCP Imagines BCP Imagines designs and develops unique multimedia that brings children and their families creative, fun, shared experiences. Our award-winning cross-platform content encourages creative learning, expression and play while helping kids of ALL ages open their imaginations and look at their world in a new way. BCP Imagines' multi-award winning series Drawing with Mark brings the joy of learning to draw to all ages. The Magical Attic?, where anything is possible,? was created to help foster imagination and creative play while encouraging positive attitudes emphasizing the important lessons of kindness, friendship and helping others. Visit the Magical Attic store or purchase the Drawing with Mark collection!

Do Children Need Compulsory Sex Education in Schools

Do Children Need Compulsory Sex Education in Schools Today all we hear about is growing quantity of abortions, kids getting pregnant, all kinds of sexual transmitted diseases being spread. Sexuality-connected problems are on the rise. What we need to think about is the cause and possible ways of changing the situation. Most people think that if there was more information on sexual relations, the number of these cases could probably be reduced to minimum. Sex education lessons can be the best solution to that. Teenagers would be able to get reliable information on the means of contraception, start of sexual life, abortions, venereal diseases and so on. On the other hand, all that stuff is very personal, and the way it is represented can have a huge impact on the kids future relationships and sexuality. It is very important to have the right way to deliver the information; moreover, there should be the right person to do it. Of course, you wont let a stranger iron you knickers, so how can you let him teach your child what the sex is. The appropriate teacher should have strong moral values, background in education or simply be a good and wise person. When most adults hear about sex education, the first thought that comes to their minds is â€Å"modern teenagers know more than we do about that†. I know one lady who used to think that she couldnt get pregnant when the moon was fool. However, even her small 5-year-old son proves she is wrong. But as for teenagers, their image of what is wrong and right when it comes to sex is based on very fragmentary information and mostly on gossips they spread among each other. Even though our society claims to be open-minded, most of the kids feel too embarrassed to come to adults with their doubts when it comes to sex. You will find significant dissimilarities on the problem of abstinence. 15 % of people in America think that colleges should instruct just about abstinence from sexual activity and cannot showcase the way to acquire and make use of condoms along with other pregnancy prevention measures. Moreover, sometimes institutions are expected to teach about homosexuality and correct attitude toward this fact. But can you be 100% sure that the opinion of the teacher who is leading the course will be equal to the one you have in your family? Never. Sex education lessons are definitely better than no information on this topic at all. It is wise to begin conversations on sexual topics at early age, in easy approaches, and after that let the kids find out more year after year. By doing so, the kids will believe that this is an organic and common knowledge, issues theyve know for a long time. But in my mind, it would be more effective if that knowledge came from the person whom a teenager can trust – like parents or close relatives.

Homeless Children Essay - 3565 Words

Introduction In the United States, 1.5 million children are homeless. 1.5 million children are without adequate shelter, nourishment, healthcare, or education. When a child is homeless, it is not just a house that they are without. They are more likely than other children to experience hunger, constant illness, mental disorders, and developmental delays.1 Being homeless negatively affects a child’s overall welfare and ability to thrive within their community throughout their childhood and into their adulthood. It impedes their ability to live a healthy life and gain an adequate education, as children who are homeless face far more obstacles, such as increased health risks and lack of educational opportunities, than children who aren’t†¦show more content†¦Preventing and ending child homelessness must be a priority for both the U.S. government and the U.S. community. The Affects of Child Homelessness on Health, Hunger, Disorders, Development, and Education â€Å"Homelessness itself can make children sick.†2 Being homeless has an extremely adverse and detrimental effect on a child’s health and well-being. Children who are homeless are more susceptible to health risks because of their poor environment and impoverished lifestyle and have less access to healthcare. The increased amount of health risks plus the lack of healthcare results in the growth of serious illnesses which often go untreated. Risks often begin before a child is born, as it is likely that the mother has been living in poverty, under-nourished, abusing substances, and not receiving adequate prenatal care.3 Children who are born in this condition have a lower birth weight and poor immune system, often suffering from anemia, meaning that they will need specialized care from the start. As they age, children cannot fight off disease and illness as well as non-homeless children, they are two times as likely to visit the hospital in one year, have respiratory in fections, and experience more chronic health problems overall.45 Because homeless children tend to stay in poor conditions and unsafe environments, they are more prone to suffer from lead poisoning, which in its mostShow MoreRelatedHomeless Child Education : Homeless Children1678 Words   |  7 PagesHomeless Children Education Several factors severely compromise the ability of homeless children to succeed in school, as I discovered in interviews with 277 homeless families in New York City in 1988. Barriers to the success of these children include health problems, hunger, transportation obstacles, and difficulty obtaining school clothes and suppliesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ all of which are linked to low attendance rates (Rafferty and Rollins 1989). Other factors are associated with the nature of the emergency shelterRead MoreHomeless Children And Youth Assistance Act979 Words   |  4 PagesStarke as we are getting at least two to three new students who are considered homeless and put under the McKinney-Vento Act. â€Å"The McKinney-Vento Education of Homeless Children and Youth Assistance Act is a federal law that ensures immediate enrollment and educational stability for homeless children and youth. McKinney-Vento provides federal funding to states for the purpose of supporting district programs that serve hom eless students† ( With my mother being the McKinny-Vinto liaison in Bradford countyRead MoreEssay about Homeless Children In America1111 Words   |  5 PagesHomeless Children in America   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To be homeless is to not have a home or a permanent place of residence. Nationwide, there is estimated to be 3.5 million people that are homeless, and roughly 1.35 million of them are children. It is shown that homeless rates, which are the number of sheltered beds in a city divided by the cities population, have tripled since the 1980’s (National Coalition for Homeless, 2014). Worldwide, it is estimated that 100 million children live and work on the streets.Read MoreWhy Children Alone Or With Their Families Become Homeless?1108 Words   |  5 PagesImagine feeling hopeless, lost, and alone. Feeling like all doors have closed, and knowing surviving day by day is your daily task. Surprisingly, â€Å"[a] staggering 2.5 million children are now homeless each year,†countless innocent children and their families are impacted by a destitute life style (â€Å"National Center†). Fortunately, efforts are being made to address homelessness constructive ly. Statewide organizations such as Covenant House and local organizations like The Maslow Project are hopingRead MoreHomeless Children : The Poverty Rate, Lack Of Affordable Housing And Single Parent Households1476 Words   |  6 PagesHomeless Children According to recent reports child homelessness, an estimated 2.5 million children are homeless in the United States. Sadly, nearly half of these children are under the age of five. In fact, one in every thirty children is considered homeless and the numbers continue to increase annually (Bassuk, E., DeCandia, C., Beach, C., Berman, F., 2014) Though many factors contribute to this social epidemic, the high poverty rate, lack of affordable housing and single parent households areRead MoreThe Problem Of Homeless Children963 Words   |  4 Pagespeople think about what kind of individuals are homeless, they often conceive of a shabbily dressed, elder male sitting in the front of a random doorway, with a wine bottle in a brown paper bag. However, homelessness for the past years has begun to be more visible. Homeless children are portrayed in welfare and academic literature as a category of children at risk. Whatever transpires in early childhood can affect a child s lifestyle. In young children, the results are harsh. Stress can result fromRead More A Rhetorical Examination of The Homeless and Their Children Essay1281 Words   |  6 PagesIn â€Å"The Homeless and Their Children†, author Jonathon Kozol explains how poverty and homelessness can go hand in hand, but he also shows his readers that the government in New York City during the 1980’s did not really attempt to assist those in need. The author shows us how the homeless and illiterate struggled by sharing with us an interview with a young woman called Laura who resided in a massive welfare hotel. Kozol did not find it necessary to write this piece in a persuasive tone, or a compassionateRead MoreHomeless Families With Children By Megan Krueger Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesHomeless Families with Children Introduction Homelessness continues to be a widespread issue in the United States. Homeless families with children, in particular, undergo their own unique experiences compared to the rest of the homeless population. In order to thoroughly understand homeless families, it is important to analyze the causes of homelessness, the families’ lived experiences while homeless, the policies that perpetuate their homelessness, and the effects of homelessness on all familyRead More Homeless Children and the Educational System Essay2484 Words   |  10 PagesHomeless Children and the Educational System Many people still think of homeless transients as alcoholics and/or mentally disabled. The truth is, the current homeless population consists of runaway adolescents, single adult males or females, battered women and over one million homeless families with children – typically headed by a female parent. To be homeless means that one’s primary residence is a public or private shelter, emergency housing, hotel, motel, living with family or friendsRead MoreHealth Disparities Among Homeless Women And Their Children1015 Words   |  5 Pages Health Disparities Among Homeless Women and Their Children Geraldine Barron Denver School of Nursing Cohort C â€Æ' Health Disparities Among Homeless Women and Their Children Health care disparities is known for its vulnerability among low income and minority status populations. Of most concern are the vulnerable population subgroups known by the harsh environments in which they live, their endangered and unhealthy life styles and the illnesses and injuries that afflict them. â€Å"These subpopulations

Prevention Postoperative Vision Loss Study Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Postoperative ocular loss ( POVL ) after non-ocular surgery is a rare, but lay waste toing complication that has been associated legion types of surgeries and patient hazard factors. Stoelting and Miller ( 2007 ) estimate the incidence of POVL from 1 in 60,965 to 1 in 125,234 for patients undergoing noncardiac, nonocular surgeries, from 0.06 % to 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Prevention Postoperative Vision Loss Study Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 113 % in cardiac surgery patients with cardiorespiratory beltway and 0.09 % of prone spinal column surgeries. The demand to understand the causes of POVL and the preventive steps that can be taken to decrease the likeliness of vision loss happening are deductions for anaesthesia suppliers and patients likewise. Consequences of POVL non merely affect the enfeebling impact on the patient ‘s quality of life, but besides the legion medical and legal branchings for the anaesthesia suppliers. Although POVL is considered a comparatively uncommon complication, the demand to understand the frequence of POVL and related hazards and causes are of import issues. In 1999, the American Society of Anesthesiologists ‘ ( ASA ) Committee on Professional Liability established the ASA Postoperative Visual Loss Registry to better understand the job ( Stoelting A ; Miller ) . Reports of loss of vision have occurred after assorted non-ocular related surgical processs. Some illustrations of these are cardiorespiratory beltway, spinal surgery, hip arthroplasty, abdominal processs, craniotomies and processs of the caput and cervix ( Morgan, Mikhail A ; Murray, 2006 ) . The three recognized causes of postoperative ocular loss are ischaemic ocular neuropathy ( ION ) either anterior ( AION ) or posterior ( PION ) , cardinal retinal arteria occlusion ( CRAO ) , cardinal retinal vena occlusion ( CRVO ) and cortical sightlessness. Ischemic ocular neuropathy is the most often cited cause of postoperative ocular loss following general anaesthesia with cardinal retinal arteria occlusion from direct retinal force per unit area as a lesser cause. ( Stoelting A ; Miller, 2007 ) . Factors that have been identified as possible perioperative factors for ION include drawn-out hypotension, extended continuance of surgery, prone placement, inordinate blood loss, unneeded crystalloid usage, anaemia, and increased intraocular force per unit area from prone placement. Patient related hazard factors associated with ION include diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, morbid fleshiness, coronary artery disease, and smoke. ( Stoelting A ; Miller, 2007 ) . Literature Review Several retrospective surveies have examined the natural history of POVL after nonocular surgery in an effort to place patients at hazard for POVL and cut down surgical hazard factors. The first, from 1996, Roth, Thisted, Erickson, Black, and Schreider reviewed oculus hurts in 60,985 patients undergoing anaesthesia between 1988 and 1992. The overall incidence of oculus hurt in this survey was 0.56 % . Duration of anaesthesia was found to be an independent hazard factor for oculus hurt. The hazard was further increased with general anaesthesia and endotracheal cannulation and in patients undergoing surgery of the caput or cervix. The bulk of the patients with oculus hurts had corneal scratchs or pinkeye. Merely one patient was found to hold POVL as a consequence of ION. This patient underwent lumbar spinal merger and the writers noted that calculated hypotension and hemodilution were used. In 1997, Stevens, Glazer, Kelley, Lietman and Bradford focused on ophthalmic complications specifically after spinal surgery. Of 3450 spinal column surgeries that the writers reviewed, seven ( 0.2 % ) instances of ocular loss were identified. Four ( 57 % ) of the seven patients suffered ION of which three had PION. Two of the seven patients had occipital infarcts, both of which were embolic. The 7th patient had a CRVO without associated periorbital hydrops or force per unit area mortification. The surgical times ranged from 3-8 hours in these patients. The estimated blood loss ranged from minimum to 8.5 litres. A 3rd survey, besides conducted in 1997, by Myers, Hamilton, Bogoosia, Smith and Wagner, collected patients by beging studies from the Scoliosis Research Study of POVL after spinal surgery every bit good as 10 good documented instances from the spinal literature. They found that longer surgical times and important blood loss were positively correlated with POVL. However, the haematocrit and blood force per unit area degrees were no different than in age matched controls without POVL. Twenty-three of the 37 ( 62.2 % ) patients had ION, 9 ( 24.3 % ) had CRAO, 3 ( 8.1 % ) had occipital infarcts and the staying three did non hold clear diagnosings. The writers concluded that reduced blood force per unit area is by and large good tolerated by patients, but that consideration should be given to set uping a minimal systolic blood force per unit area for each patient. In add-on, the writers recommended presenting long processs and protecting oculus place. More late the American Society of Anesthesiologists POVL register analyzed 93 instances of POVL happening after spinal surgery. The instances were collected via voluntary entry from1999 through June 2005. Eighty three ( 89.2 % ) of the patients had ION and the staying 10 ( 10.8 % ) patients had CRAO. All of the patients were placed prone. Surgical clip exceeded 6 hours in 94 % of the instances. In 34 % of instances the average arterial force per unit area or systolic blood force per unit area ( SBP ) was reduced to 40 % or more below baseline. The average haematocrit was 26 % with 82 % of patients losing one or more litres of blood. All of the patients with CRAO used head restraints alternatively of Mayfield pins and were somewhat younger than the ION patients ( 46 vs. 50 old ages ) . In add-on, 66 % of the ION patients had bilateral ocular loss and none of the CRAO patients did. Ipsilateral periocular injury was more often seen in the CRAO patients ( 70 % vs. 1 % ) than in ION patie nts. They once more identified the hazard of prone placement, blood loss and long surgical times. However, they were unable to definitively delegate a function to hypotension in POVL ( Lee, Roth, Posner, Cheney A ; Caplan, 2006 ) . Another survey examined the published instance studies of ION after spinal surgery in the prone place. The writers found that PION was more often reported than AION ( n = 17 vs. n = 5 ) .3 In the bulk of the instances, some degree of hypotension and anaemia was reported. However, the writers note that the degree of blood force per unit area and anaemia sustained by these patients would be considered acceptable in most anesthesia patterns. Furthermore, the writers observed that average surgical clip was over 7.5 hours. Strategies the writers suggested to avoid postoperative ION included careful usage of deliberate hypotension tailored to the patient ‘s hazard degree and theatrical production of long, complex processs ( Ho, Newman, Song, Ksiazek A ; Roth, 2005 ) . Case Study A 62 twelvemonth old male was scheduled for a three degree lumbosacral laminectomy and diskectomy ( L2 through L4 ) . He had a history of high blood pressure, fleshiness, stomachic reflux disease, myocardial infarction 5 old ages antecedently with two stents placed in the LAD, and a 50-pack-year smoke history. The patient had a surgical history of bilateral carpal tunnel release and ventral hernia fix with mesh. No old anaesthetic complications were noted. Current medicines included omeprazole, and Lopressor. He had no known drug allergic reactions. The patient ‘s physical scrutiny revealed an afebrile patient, pulse 67, respirations 16, blood force per unit area 162/92, SpO2 of 95 % on room air. The patient ‘s general visual aspect was a reasonably corpulent adult male in no evident hurt. Airway appraisal revealed a category 2 Malampatti, natural teething and normal cervix scope of gesture. Laboratory findings were hemoglobin 14.4 and hematocrit 40 % . All other haematol ogy, curdling profiles were normal. EKG was normal sinus beat and Chest X ray was normal. The patient underwent a criterions initiation and cannulation. He was turned prone, appendages were good padded and airing and critical marks were satisfactory. The process lasted for 3 hours and during a period of moderate blood loss, the patient had a period of hypotension enduring for about seven proceedingss. His blood force per unit area averaged 95/55 for about 30 proceedingss and for five proceedingss blood force per unit area averaged 80/45. Fluid resuscitation totaled 3 litres of crystalloid. Estimated blood loss was 550ml with a postoperative haematocrit of 29 % . On waking up, the patient did non exhibit any marks of orbital hydrops or POVL. The patient stated that vision was present in both eyes and his neurologic scrutiny was normal. Schemes for bar of POVL ION is the most common cause of POVL and may be designated as anterior ( AION ) or posterior ( PION ) depending on the location of the ocular nervus lesion. Ocular loss of AION is due to infarction at watershed zones within the ciliary arterias of the choroid bed of the ocular disc which flows into the choriocapillaris. The choriocapillaris is an end-arterial circulation with small transverse circulation and may be prone to ischemia. The posterior ocular nervus is served by subdivisions of the ocular arteria and the cardinal retinal arteria ; blood flow to the posterior ocular nervus is significantly less than the anterior ocular nervus ( Lee, et Al, 2006 ) . Many interventions have been attempted to change by reversal POVL, including anticoagulation, antiplatelet therapy, retrobulbar steroid injections, norepinepherine extracts ( to better perfusion force per unit area ) , diphenylhydantoin, osmotic water pills, blood replacing, carbonaceous anhydrase inhibitors, steroids and ocular nervus decompression. The most common forecast of POVL is small return of ocular map ( Lee, et al 2006 ) . ION should be suspected if a patient complains of painless ocular loss during the first postoperative hebdomad and may be noticed foremost on rousing from slumber, when intraocular force per unit area is highest. Pressing opthamologic audience should be sought to analyze the patient comprehensively, set up the diagnosing, and urge farther rating and therapy. Even though forecast tends to be hapless, prompt intervention may be the lone opportunity at retrieving vision ( Ho, Newman, Song, Ksiazek, A ; Roth, 2005 ) . Obvious turning away of force per unit area on the oculus is a primary scheme to avoid ION. However, POVL has been noted in patients besides in the supine place. Current anaesthesia supplier instruction refering turning away of compaction of a patient ‘s eyes has made it a rare intraoperative event. Possibly nore good is keeping acceptable blood force per unit area and haematocrit, particularly in patients with multiple hazard factors. More than one-half of the patients entered in the ASA POVL database were positioned prone and were noted as holding important facial puffiness. When associated with systemic hypotension, optic perfusion force per unit area is diminished. Decreased haematocrit in the presence of other hazard factors seems to patients at hazard for ocular loss. Induced hypotension and hemodilution during prone spinal column instances should be avoided when patients have risk factors for POVL ( Lee, et Al, 2006 ) . How to cite Prevention Postoperative Vision Loss Study Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Structural Design of a Building Essay Example

Structural Design of a Building Essay There are 7 different forms of structural design used to form multi-storey buildings within the building industry today, They are:- †¢Shear wall structures †¢Hull core structures †¢Propped structures †¢Suspended structures †¢Traditional framed/caged structures †¢Cantilevered structures †¢Braced structures The two that are popular and most widely used are shear wall structuresand braced structures. SHEAR WALL STRUCTURES These are made up from Concrete continuous vertical walls that are used as both architecturally partitions and structurally to carry gravity and lateral loading. They are very high in plane stiffness and strength which makes them the ideal panels for bracing tall buildings; they also act as vertical cantilevers in the form of separate planar walls, and as non-planar assemblies of connected walls around elevator, stair and service shafts. This way of forming a building is well suited to hotel and residential buildings where the floor-by floor repetitive planning allows the walls to be vertically continuous and where they serve simultaneously as excellent acoustic and fire insulators between rooms and apartments. Advantages:- †¢Tensile reinforcement for areas where tension stresses occur in †¢Walls when wind uplifts stresses exceed gravity stresses. †¢High strength concrete has enable wall thickness to be minimized, hence maximizing rentable floor space. †¢Technology exists to pump and to place high-strength concrete at high elevation. †¢Fire rating for service and passenger elevator shafts is achieved by simply placing concrete of a determined thickness. †¢The need for complex bolted or side-welded steel connections is avoided. Well detail reinforce concrete will develop about twice as much damping as structural steel. Disadvantages:- †¢Shear walls formed around elevator and service risers require a concentration of opening at ground level where stresses are critical. †¢Shear wall vertical movements will continue throughout the life of the building. †¢Construction time is generally slower than for a steel frame building. †¢The additional weig ht of the vertical concrete elements as compared to steel will induce a cost penalty for the foundations. Regular survey check must be undertaken to ensure that the vertical and twist alignment of the shear walls are within tolerance. †¢In general it is difficult to achieve a good finish from slip-form formwork systems, and rendering or some other type of finishing may be necessary. Shear wall Structures BRACED FRAME STRUCTURES Braced frames are cantilevered vertical trusses resisting laterals loads through the axial stiffness of the frame members. This is an effective way of building as the steel has a high ratio of stiffness; it is an ideal method to use in the production of multi-storey building. We will write a custom essay sample on Structural Design of a Building specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Structural Design of a Building specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Structural Design of a Building specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A braced frame is made completely from steel, this is because the diagonal steels are subjected to tension and lateral loading. Able to produce a laterally very stiff structure by using a minimum amount of additional materials makes it an economical structural form for any height of buildings. Advantages:- †¢Girders only participate minimally in the lateral bracing action-Floor framing design is independent of its level in the structure. †¢Can be repetitive up the height of the building with obvious economy in design and fabrication. Disadvantages:- Obstruct the internal planning and the locations of the windows and doors; for this reason, braced bent are usually incorporated internally along wall and partition lines, especially around elevator, stair, and service shaft. -Diagonal connections are expensive to fabricate and erect. Braced frame structures TASK 2 There are many different materials that can be used to form a multi-story building, the two most common are steel a nd concrete this is due to both the strength and the cost of the materials. STEEL The demand for steel as a building material is growing within the construction industry. Steels high strength, ductility, adaptation to prefabrication, speed of erection, etc. , have always been attractive characteristics to consultants and developers. In today’s fast tracked construction projects where time and schedule are of essence, these qualities become decisive in choosing the type of structure to be built. At present, Structural Steel Works, Inc. offers all of the advantages of steel as a building material at the most competitive price without sacrificing quality control. Advantages of using steel:- †¢Superior Strength and durability. †¢Precise measurements, perfect angles. †¢Resistant to pest. Great protection against the worst weather conditions. †¢Steel Components mean minimal material waste. †¢Installation is fast and simple. †¢Labour costs are minimal. †¢Steel is recyclable. †¢A cost Effective material. Structural steel building CONCRETE Reinforced concrete can be strengthened by using a number of different meth ods, such as -: †¢reinforcement bars †¢reinforcement grids †¢reinforcement plates †¢reinforcement fibers Concrete is very strong in compression but not in tension so these materials are there to help strengthen the concrete in tension. The term Ferro Concrete refers only to concrete that is reinforced with iron or steel. Other materials used to reinforce concrete can be organic and inorganic fibers as well as composites in different forms. The most common method of strengthening concrete is to use reinforcement bars. For a strong, ductile and durable construction the reinforcement should have the following properties: †¢High strength †¢High tensile strain †¢Good bond to the concrete †¢Thermal compatibility †¢Durability in the concrete environment Advantages of using precast concrete:- †¢Column-Free Long Spans With fewer columns and more usable floor space, precast, prestressed concrete provides greater freedom for space utilization. Conserves Energy Prestressed concrete components can improve the thermal storage potential of a building. It effectively conserves energy required for heating and cooling. †¢Maintenance Free Precast concrete does not require painting and is free from corrosion. Its durability extends building life. †¢Resists Fire Durability and fire resistance mean low insurance premiums and greater personnel safety. Those who investigate life cycle costing will appreciate the precast concretes excellent fire resistance characteristics. †¢Rapid Construction precast concrete construction gets the job done sooner. The manufacturing of prestressed members and site preparation can proceed simultaneously. Early occupancy provides obvious benefits to the client. †¢Versatility of Design Precast concrete buildings are not only functional but beautiful as well. Numerous panel configuration design possibilities are available. Structural concrete building As raw material prices differ, so does building design. During times of lower steel prices, more steel and less concrete is used, and vice versa, but both materials are typically used together. Concrete without steel reinforcement crumbles under tensile loads. Steel on its own, without composite or reinforced concrete floors, is likewise not a preferred building method. While rebar is almost always steel, it is not considered structural steel and is described separately in the rebar and reinforced concrete articles. While both steel structures and Reinforced concrete cement(R. C. C)structures have their pros and cons, the steel structures have better strength to weight ratio than RCC, and can be easily dismantled(Steel structures, which have bolted connections can also be reused to some extent after dismantling).

Free Essays on Annotation Paragraph Assignment

In today’s society, over-eating is definitely on a rise. Even in this day and age of fitness, where living a healthy and active lifestyle is much more highly promoted than it was twenty years ago. Everywhere one may look; there is a new diet fad, weight loss formula, drug, or system. But yet, there is a vast percentage of Americans whose health is at risk do to obesity. So regardless of whether one is worrying about weight, either to gain or to lose, typically when a person is asked how they feel about the way they look, for the most part, people will answer by wishing they could change at least one thing, sometimes more. One thing is for sure: this is a society that is obsessive about food. As Marcel Danesi points out in his article entitled â€Å"Food as Myth†, the mere act of eating in public reflects a ritualistic code. While people may be inclined to simply have a salad when out at a luncheon, they may be more inclined to go by McDonalds for a super sized Big Mac meal for a late night dinner on their way home from school. Food is also glorified on several different holidays such as Christmas and Thanksgiving. This is how society gives itself permission to engorge them in a public setting. A sort of loop-hole to what Dansesi referred to as an â€Å"eating code†. There is a definite conflict between society’s encouragement of a healthy lifestyle and people wanting to just eat whatever they want and enjoy their meals, the fact that people will eat will remain a constant as long as mankind inhabits the Earth.... Free Essays on Annotation Paragraph Assignment Free Essays on Annotation Paragraph Assignment In today’s society, over-eating is definitely on a rise. Even in this day and age of fitness, where living a healthy and active lifestyle is much more highly promoted than it was twenty years ago. Everywhere one may look; there is a new diet fad, weight loss formula, drug, or system. But yet, there is a vast percentage of Americans whose health is at risk do to obesity. So regardless of whether one is worrying about weight, either to gain or to lose, typically when a person is asked how they feel about the way they look, for the most part, people will answer by wishing they could change at least one thing, sometimes more. One thing is for sure: this is a society that is obsessive about food. As Marcel Danesi points out in his article entitled â€Å"Food as Myth†, the mere act of eating in public reflects a ritualistic code. While people may be inclined to simply have a salad when out at a luncheon, they may be more inclined to go by McDonalds for a super sized Big Mac meal for a late night dinner on their way home from school. Food is also glorified on several different holidays such as Christmas and Thanksgiving. This is how society gives itself permission to engorge them in a public setting. A sort of loop-hole to what Dansesi referred to as an â€Å"eating code†. There is a definite conflict between society’s encouragement of a healthy lifestyle and people wanting to just eat whatever they want and enjoy their meals, the fact that people will eat will remain a constant as long as mankind inhabits the Earth....

5 Reasons Teaching Might Not Be For You

5 Reasons Teaching Might Not Be For You Teaching can be immensely fulfilling work. The idea of shaping young minds and guiding kids toward their own futures (not to mention having summers off) leads a lot of people into the teaching field. However, not everyone is cut out for this kind of work. The last thing you want is to discover that you aren’t up to the task while standing in front of a class your first day on the job. It’s best to decide whether or not you’re teacher material before even pursuing a degree in education. Here are 5 issues that may make you decide that teaching is not for you.1. You’re not adaptable.One plus one will always equal two. The alphabet will always start with A and end with Z. World War II will always begin in 1939. The information you teach may never change, but the way you teach it certainly will. Perhaps your particular administration will demand you rewrite that lesson plan you submitted or the school’s curriculum has changed. Perhaps what works for a cl ass of well-behaved students will not work for an unruly one. A teacher must be able to adapt to any number of predictable and unpredictable situations. If you don’t think you’re sufficiently flexible, then teaching probably isn’t for you.2. You don’t like homework.Your students won’t be the only ones who’ll have tons of homework. A teacher’s workday rarely ends at the sound of the bell. There will be papers and tests to grade and lesson plans to prepare. Excited to have your summers off? Well, don’t get too excited, because your summers will be spent doing professional development work and getting ready for the next school year.3. You are not 100% comfortable with kids.As they say, kids can be cruel. And they don’t just pick on each other. Students may have it in for their teachers as well, and the monkey-see-monkey-do nature of the classroom may lead good kids to mimic the behavior of the bad ones. Before you know it, your class is out of control and it’s your job to rein it in. Some people have an innate ability to do this. They are natural-born teachers. However, if the thought of playing zookeeper to a room full of squealing, nasty (and perhaps even insulting) young people sounds terrible to you, you may want to choose another career path.4. You want to get rich.Do you want to make loads of money? Well, you aren’t going to get rich as a teacher. The average starting salary of a teacher in the U.S. is just $36,000, and teachers can spend hundreds of out-of-pocket dollars on class supplies. That isn’t to say that the job is not rewarding in countless other ways, or that the worth of a job is measured by the amount of a paycheck, but if making bank is your ultimate goal you’ll unfortunately have to look elsewhere.5. You can’t deal with parents.Maybe you love the kids†¦ but the parents? Not so much. This can be a real problem, since a teacher’s job of ten involves managing parents. When it comes to their children’s educations, parents can get pretty emotional or downright out of control. You might have a mom yelling at you or a dad breaking down in tears. Upping the â€Å"ick factor,† a parent might even hit on you. Such situations are tricky to navigate, and you never want to blame the student for a parent’s inappropriate behavior. If you become a teacher because you think kids are a dream and adults are a nightmare, you might be in for an unpleasant surprise when you have to deal with both on a regular basis.

Work and Non-work Balance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Work and Non-work Balance - Essay Example This work has some special features that are different in nature. Though various people see it from contrasting perspectives the basic background of work is similar to that of others. In work there must be one or more activities in exchange for which the workers who perform the completion of the work deserve monetary compensation. This is easily explained from the economic background. It goes without saying that a person has to take into account his or her valuable time and effort in performing work to serve others’ interest. Non work issues can be explained from different perspectives and among them the social context is the most popular. The social perspective focuses on the leisure activities the workers do or like to do, which are beyond the scope of interest of the business or other obligations (Beauregard, 2006). Thus the work and non-work issues continue to attract strong debate. In order to understand the situation between the work and non-work issues one has to have a good grasp of the issues separately. Work comes in various kinds and dimensions. Williams’s (2007) Typology of Work describes work as paid or unpaid and obligatory or voluntary involvement of person for the economic well-being of society; other writers have put emphasis on the declared work and formal employment (Review Eby et al., 2005). However, the concept of work has greatly evolved over the past few years. People are now viewed as more than a corporate resource. But the present issue which has adversely affected not only individuals but whole communities is the work-life balance and its effect upon every aspect of life. This underscores the urgency of identifying the non-work issues (Arnold et al, 1995). Non-work issues are multifaceted, complex and dispersed, but they are simplistically identified as the concerns external to the direct business activity. Parker (2004) describes the non-work issues as the outer part of the actual work life which is very much connected w ith personal life. The leisure period has been stressed on by some writers, while others have described the various leisure-related dimensions outside the scope of work. Relationship between the work and non-work issues are conventional and quite obtrusive in nature. These two issues frequently overlap each other (Kossel, and Colquittand, 2001). There are various relationships between the work and non-work issues and some of them are easily understood. A recent study shows the spillover cost and benefit, neutrality, opposition and compensation benefits denote some of the specific relationships that may be examined by academic researchers. Several non-work issues that have implications on work-related effects include absenteeism, social expectation, frequent or lengthy travel between the home and the workplace (Parker, 1982). An important non-work issue is the family and personal life complexity as a result of or exacerbated by the stress of the work issues. Concluded spill over is a consistent outcome of work in the contemporary economy. Different employees are coping with strategies driven by contrasting labour processes and labour market positions. More family friendly policies involving long hours and a more permeable work life boundary are promoting the work-life balance. Though the work and non-work issues are different in nature they constantly impact upon each other mutually and drastically (Rain et al, 1991). But work environment enables the workers to learn new skills and to know the unknown which helps them to develop their self identity. Simultaneously, the emotional well-being, work satisfaction, leisure period, and the leeway to choose –

Communication and Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Communication and Conflict - Essay Example There was a time when I had placed my homework on my classroom desk, but when I turned around it was gone. My seatmate said the class bully pilfered it when I was not looking, but I was too scared to confront him. I suffered a â€Å"no homework† mark on that day, but I would rather have had that grade than confront the bully. I avoided conflict as much as possible, but most especially with him. There was not much criteria that went into that decision; it was purely fear and a desire for self preservation. I felt that confronting him would only make me a more appealing target for him, so I maintained a low profile, thinking that we won’t be classmates forever anyway. I was glad when the classes were reshuffled and we had different classmates the following year. â€Å"HE SAID, SHE SAID† A Case Study 1. Overview of the case The case deals with a family whose members are currently experiencing conflicts of relationships. The causes of conflict are typical for most fa milies: a teen-ager who tests his parent’s limits, a mother who tends to be lenient towards her son, and a father-figure who has difficulty asserting his authority partly because of his informal role in the family (i.e., as the mother’s fiance). 2. Presentation of the key facts Marie, an adult college student and mother of fifteen-year-old son Lenny, gives him a scolding when he comes home too late without calling. She attempts to impose a 10 p.m. curfew on her son for the next four weekends. Marie resents her fiance Mike’s intervention when he breaks off the scolding and puts off the discussion for the next day. She points out that he has no authority in the discipline of her son. The following day, Marie ignores Mike’s approach at reconciliation, but quickly forgives and forgets her son’s transgression of the previous night. Mike and Lenny leave, both of them forgetting to greet Marie on her birthday. 3. Source of conflict Marie: There are two ru nning conflicts involving Marie, one with Lenny and the other with Mike. The conflict with Lenny has to do with his seeming disregard for her as a person of authority. Lenny coming home late without calling, and getting away with irresponsible acts. At first, Marie was aggressive-assertive in nagging Lenny. Marie used threat of punishment in an attempt, or maybe a guise, to discipline, but even the relatively light penalty of coming home before 10 on Saturdays seemed a tentative punishment, which Marie did not appear to seriously have the resolve to carry out. The following day, she employed avoidance by denying there was a conflict. Marie rationalized her son’s actions by telling herself that he was a good boy and did not do anything really wrong. The second conflict involving Marie is her perception of Mike’s interference in and disapproval of the way she disciplines her son. When Lenny arrived home late, she initially addressed this conflict by competition with Mike . The following day, she used avoidance by being noncommittal when Mike approached to kiss her. Mike: Mike’s source of conflict is Marie’s failure to discipline her son. Uses avoidance, at least when the conflict is still heated and confrontation is high. While he is non confrontational, however, Mike seeks to engage the issues when he perceives that temperatures have gone down. Mike may try to assert himself, but in this situation, being only a boyfriend to Lenny’s mother. Strictly speaking, it is not his place to discipline his girlfriend’

Globalisation on the Indian Economy

Globalisation on the Indian Economy Introduction Recent events on the financial markets show how interdependent the world is. Common value should not be forbidden but what about common losses. Who should be responsible for them? Many blame globalisation. But what is globalisation and does the world have any other alternatives to develop? Should we return to the strategies of the past? Or should we continue to live in an age of essential economic revolution? The term globalisation generates constant debates and controversies. But most of those who talk about globalisation are not even aware of its fundamentals. Globalisation is the one specific modality of international integration. Technology has definitely changed the way we live and also the ways in which the business is done. The countries by means of internet connection and enthusiastic workers can have access to unlimited jobs and industries. Lets imagine a picture of a world where all limitations are disappearing. A world where there are no boundaries and where competition can come from anywhere. Thats the world where our future lies. To make this world a healthier place globalisation is going to play a very important role. There are some people in developed world who believe that we must try to turn our back on this novel rapidly changing and integrated world. They also think that the chance to preserve ones living standard is to make a fortress around ones country, stop trading with other countries and depend only on own industries. But at present it is impossible to turn back the waves of globalisation but in doing so we can actually make ourselves worst off. So in my opinion, instead of fearing the future we should embrace it. Globalisation and Structure of Indian Economy Globalisation has been expressed beautifully through a poem by Canadian economist Gerald Helleiner- The poor complain, they always do, but that is just idle chatter. Our system (globalisation) brings reward to all, at least to all who matter. Broadly speaking the term globalisation is an economic process. Even though it is modeled as a way of bringing the world together, globalisation is all about the business community breaking down the remaining barriers to the free flow of its capital around the world. It fundamentally means opening up of any country economy system and its integration among the other economies of the world. It involves liberalism and implementation of economic liberalization policies and reforms to promote the progression of private sector. The word globalisation itself means something new is happening to the world. The world is becoming a Flat and experiencing global practices, values and technologies that are shaping people lives. For India, there are ample confusions about the costs and benefits of globalisation. Data Source Projection: VMW Analytic Services Figure 1: Indian Economy since its Independence at Constant Prices (Projected up to FY 2012)Indias population has already crossed the billion mark; this fact is easy to read but much more difficult to absorb one thousand million people, each of whom sees the world in a slightly or radically different way from the other. Since Indian independence in 1947, the economy of India has increased almost exponentially (Refer Fig. 1). From early 1990s, different governments have adopted inward oriented development strategies i.e. the state encouraging an economy through self sufficiency and a dominant role in the economy via state planning. Forces of demand and supply were not allowed to play a key role in resource allocation. After 1991 balance-of-payments crisis, where foreign currency reserves fell to $1 billion inflation went high to 17%, India laid numbers of stabilization-cum-structural adjustment measures with widespread effects. The main aim was to remerge the Indian economy with the world economy by reducing barriers to trade and investment, and deregulation of a highly bureaucratized economy. The Foreign Direct Investment was also encouraged to reduce the countrys reliance on debt-creating capital inflows, simultaneously renovating Indias ancient technologies and advancing easily into global markets. Figure 2: India GDP growth from 1991 2007Regardless of the unfinished reform agenda, Indias GDP growth (Refer Fig. 2) has increased >9% over the past 3 years, by an average of 5.8% annually during the period 1991-2004. It contributes nearly 2% to world GDP and around 1% to world exports of goods and services (Source: World Development Indicators). Consistent with excellent growth, per capita incomes were doubled from 1990 to 2007 and poverty dropped from 46% in 1986 to 36% in 2000. However, still poverty remains a grave problem. Recently several economists and lobbyists have compared Indian economy with that of Chinese economy but Indias progress path has been significantly different from Chinas. Indeed, it has been also very different from that followed earlier by Japan, Korea and the other Asian giants. Firstly, the recent economic rise in India is largely due to services rather than manufacturing sector. India has became a global player in several services such as IT and business process outsourcing, while its manufacturing sector keep suffering from low productivity. Secondly, the majority of Indias population still relies on agriculture for a living as compared with Asian countries and thirdly, India tried to remain closed to trade in comparison to other developing and emerging countries. Even FDI inflows have also ten folded in last two decades. It has been tripled since 2005 and in 2007 it was around $23 billion (Data Source: Government of India, Ministry of Finance, Economic survey). But India is not yet as present in the Central and Eastern Europe markets as China is. Its share in the European market was 0.7% (2006), almost unchanged from 1990s. However, Chinas share in these markets has increased sharply from 1.3% in 1992 to 5.7% in 2006 (Data Source: OECD). Indian economy has the potential and should make the efforts to move from good growth to rapid constant growth. The problem in India lies in the spurring productivity which is badly affected by the low education and poor health system and also by the petite openness of the Indian economy. Indias weak infrastructure has hurt the booming potential of Indian production. From undependable energy, lacking water supply to bad roads and train conditions, infrastructure shortages have created high business costs across the sectors (Source : OECD, 2007c). Benefits and Costs of Globalisation on Indian Economy Globalisation has been a classical process with ups and downs. Its growth has been largely led by the technological forces in the fields of transport and communication. The flow of trade has been frequent and there are lesser barriers for the people across the geographical boundaries. There are less tax barriers and fewer limitations on fund flows. India is no exception to globalisation. In year 1991, when India was neck-deep in financial deficit, very high inflation (around 17%), balance of payments crisis and low industrial production, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) bailed India out through significant loans with assistant Structural Adjustment Program (SAP). This led to Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation. Indian Economy has undergone many important reforms in the 1990s. The LPG model has helped the Indian economy to grow rapidly and become internationally competitive. From early 1991, a new epoch has dawned for India and its huge population. This formidable phase of economic evolution has had a wonderful impact on the overall Indias economic development. All major sectors of the economy have improved dramatically and its effects over the last decade can hardly be ignored. Moreover, it has marked the dawn of the real integration of Indias economy into the Worlds economy. Globalisation has created employment bought large investments to India. Indian economy has been on the rise at good rates for the past few years many new prospects have opened up for India. It has highly benefited from economies of scale. The change in global barriers has permitted the companies to profit from the largest cheapest labor market, raw material and technology. Foreign businesses have significantly augmented their investments in Indian industries. The salaries of industrial labor have improved largely; therefore, the lock outs and strikes have declined sharply as labor class is happy. Now days business market has no boundaries and companies can promote their products globally. This has helped the Indian companies to lay hand on global technologies which has certainly increased our living qualities standards. Indian Entrepreneurs has become more aware about their competitors, recent trends and quality of products. The competition between the global companies can be seen in the improve quality of the brands and services to the customer. Presently, we can talk about the story of two Indias: It has the best of times; it has the worst of times. There is bright prosperity, there is high poverty. We have stunning 5 star hotels and near by these big hotels homes without electricity. The following phrase is perfect to describe the situation in India Globalisation gave us everything, globalisation gave us nothing. Although Rajiv Gandhi government, the sixth prime minister of India, introduced some economic reforms between 1985 -1989 but it was the Narasimha Rao government, ninth prime minister of India from 1991-1996, that gave a exact shape and started the novel economic reforms in India. Below are the highlights of some extreme benefits of globalisation on Indian Economy: Figure 3: The sector wise contribution to Indian GDP (Source: MOSPI Statistics (Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation)) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate: The rate of increase of Indias real GDP was low during 1980-90 (5.6%) to 1993-2001 (7%). But in the last few years, the GDP annual growth rate in India has been remarkable i.e. 7.5% (2003-2004), 8.5% (2004-2005), 9% (2005-2006) and 9.2% (2006-2007). Present P.M. Dr. Manmohan Singh is certain to have a 10% increase in the GDP for 11th five year plan (2007 2012). In 2006-2007, the sectors contributing highest in GDP growth are Industry sector (26%); Service sector (55%) and Agriculture sector (19%) (Ref Fig. 3). The increase in GDP has in fact helped to increase the foreign exchange reserves from $39 billion (2000-01), $107 billion (2003-04), $145 billion (2005-06), $200 billion (2007-2008) to around $268 billion on 1st February 2011 (Source: IMF). Figure 4: An overview of Indias top cities which contributed heavily in FDI equity inflows. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Since early 2003, Indias FDI promotion board is officially run by government i.e. Ministries of Economic and Finance. Since then there have been drastic reforms in the rules and regulations of FDI in India. The FDI is now acknowledged as a key driver of development in the country. India is ranked 2nd in international FDI in year 2010 behind 1st ranked China and ahead of Brazil Russia and it will continue to be in the top 5 destinations to draw global investors during 2010-12 (Source: World Investment Prospects Survey 2009-2012 by UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)). India attracted cumulative FDI equity inflows of $122.68 billion from mid 2000 to end 2010, according to the data released by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). In October 2010, the FDI inflows were $1,392 million. The figure 4 shows Indias top cities and sectors which attracted the highest FDI inflows in Jan 2008 (Source: DIPP India). The main attractive sectors have been information technology, telecom, services, healthcare and telecommunications. India controls almost 45% of the global outsourcing market with income more than $50 billion. Foreign shareholders are getting good returns in India. The possibility for FDI in India is endless. Foreign investors are offered fair packages of fiscal incentives for exports and industrial investments. Imports and Exports: The general idea of the independence movement in India (year 1940s), led by great M. Gandhi, was based on the dislike for anything foreign, especially the one originating from Britain. The imported goods were burnt on regular basis and everyone believed that everything can be produced home. The belief was that we can be self reliant and self dependent and import of goods can bring the foreign dominance. In 2009, 7 decades later India is ranked 15th in world in terms of import volume and 22nd in the terms of export volume. In 2004 2005 our imports were $107 billion (Ref Table 1), a record increase of around 36% as compared to $79 billion in 2003 2004. The exports also jumped by 24% recording $79 billion as compared to $63 billion the previous fiscal. The oil imports increased by 19% and the import bill zoomed from $21 billion to $29 billion in two fiscal years. Other imports excluding oil were $77 billion in 2004 2005 that is 34% higher than $58 billion in 2003 2004. Poverty: Though globalisation has drastically improved our living standards but still it doesnt have the significant effect in improving the poverty. The 2005 World Bank estimation was that 41% of Indian population live below the international poverty line of $1.25 a day. The figure 5 shows the Indian population living below poverty line from 1973-2000. We can see that since 1973 -1974 (54.9%), Indian population living below the poverty line has improved a lot (26.1% in 1999-2000). Nevertheless, Indian government is still making lots of efforts to remove poverty in rural areas. It is trying to provide more facilities to the poorer. India government Figure 5: Indian population below poverty line. (Source: Planning Commission of India) has still a long way to go to improve the poverty situation of India. Other Benefits: Information Technology (IT) and outsourcing has been given a special status in the growth of Indian economy. The reason may be that the government desires to present India as a technologically advanced nation and to achieve this they must encourage the IT sector. The term special status means that the sector and global / local investors will get many special advantages from the government. Furthermore, the impact of the global economies has influenced the Indian education system over the last few years. Improved educational institutions, high technology colleges, developed schools are the fruits of globalisation. The colleges have implemented the urbanized teaching technologies so that students can be aware of the latest developments. India is in the 4th position in respect to market capitalization with $894 billion after the US ($17,000 billion), Japan ($4800 billion) and China ($1000billion). India will soon cross the trillion $ mark. Even though we have not so far reached the end of history but globalisation has sure took us closer to the end of geography. The globalisation has not always been fair. The cash flow over the last two decades has been very unsymmetrical. For $1 of aid money to poor countries, the rich countries get $10. It has deepened the poverty and inequality. It has affected both the social and political stability among and within states. Capital rights are given more advantages over the labor rights. The trade and finance rule are unfair and this has had mixed effects on rich and poor countries. In India, the main casualties of globalisation are the poverty and the agriculture sector. Here are some costs which India paid because of globalisation: Agriculture Sector: Agriculture has always been the strength of the Indian economy. It plays crucial part by not only in providing food to people, but also supplying of raw material to industries and to export trade. 60% of the Indian population works in agriculture sector and however its contribution in GDP is only 20.6%. India agricultural growth continued to drop down from 4.70% in 1991 to 1% in 2003 (Source: agricoop.nic.in/Agristatistics). The seeds are most important component for farmers. Before globalisation, Indian farmers got seeds from state government institutions. The states were producing their own seeds and they were maintaining the good quality and lower prices for seeds. Even the private seed quality was very good as the seed market was well regulated. But with globalisation, the seed market has been opened to global agribusinesses and more than half of the government processing units have been closed in 2003 due to IMF deregulation guidelines. This had hit the farme rs very badly as due to open market the prices have raised sharply and bad quality seed has made its way to market. Moreover with the devaluation of Indian currency rupee in 1991, more and more farmers were attracted towards export and hence they started producing much more of cash crops like tobacco than traditional crops. Indian farmers are offered zero subsidiaries and very less help from government. The Indian government has taken no significant measures to negotiate with foreign companies to set up technologies for the farmers assistance. All these factors have led to decrease in the income of the farmers and have increased the rural debts. In 2000, the farmer suicides were registered to 12% of total suicides in the country. Industry: The globalisation has raised a high competition between the foreign companies and domestic companies. As the foreign products being better, people prefer to buy them instead of Indian ones. This has reduced significantly the amount of profit for Indian companies. The new technology has reduced the requirement of labor and thus resulted in job losses. No doubt that the effects have been both positive as well as negative but the Indian government should make such economic policies related to industries that are beneficial and not harmful. Human trafficking and increase in diseases like HIV are also the very high cost paid for globalisation. And the pity is that womens and childrens are among the most exposed to it. Conclusions Globalisation has provided India the opportunity to grow substantially. Though through globalisation all the economies are linked together and crisis in one have drastic effect on the others and recent events have confirmed so. Though India sailed through the crisis without being too affected due to its balanced and resilient macro structures but it has surely given India a wake up call to focus on the challenges and opportunities to shape its developing economy. Nevertheless, globalisation has definitely helped India to become a better economy, improve and unleash it potential. It has the ability and skills to adapt and change according to the flow of global market. In my opinion, for the betterment and the bright future of India it is imperative that India should go out and face this globalising world. I am certain that India of 2025 will be a different place. It will be much more leading force in the world economy, than it was 25 years ago or even at the start of the 21st century.

Etta James Essay

Born as Jamesetta Hawkins January 20, 1938 in Los Angeles, California music legend Etta James came into this world. Etta’s mother Dorothy Hawkins was only 14 at the time she had Etta which was a factor of the young girl being moved around to foster homes multiple times. She never knew her dad and when vocal coach James Earl Hines took her in to sing at the church and teach her, he would sometimes get Etta out of bed and beat her to force her to sing for people. This is looked at to be the reason Etta never liked singing on demand. Etta moved to San Francisco where she created her first musical group named The Creolettes at the age of 14. Multitalented Johnny Otis found the girls one day singing at a nightclub and took the girls under his wing. Otis changed the Creolettes name to The Peaches, signed them to Modern Records, and changed Etta’s stage name from her birth name Jamesetta Hawkins to Etta James. Etta was a very spunky girl with an enormous attitude. When Georgina Gibbs covered James’ single â€Å"Dance with me, Henry† and it reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 Etta was very angered. A similar incident happened when Beyonce Knowles, who portrayed Etta James in the 2008 movie Cadillac Records, performed James’ single â€Å"At Last† at the 2009 presidential inauguration ball. Etta expressed her distaste and anger at this at a Seattle concert. After James’ time with Modern Records ended in 1960 she then signed onto the Chess label Argo where she recorded her debut album At Last! Where her signature hit â€Å"At Last† was featured on. An interesting thing about her most popular song â€Å"At Last† that few people are aware of is that it was actually not her most rewarded piece of work. Etta James faced many obstacles throughout her life from being a foster child, facing a heroin addiction, and sadly suffering from Alzheimer’s and leukemia which eventually led to her death on January 20, 2012. Etta’s heroin addiction took a big toll on her career as she was in and out of rehabilitation centers during the early 1970’s. She avoided prison time when her husband and she were caught in possession of heroin and he took the fall having to serve a 10 year prison sentence. Etta was then forced to stay at the Tarzana psychiatric center for 17 months. Unfortunately her addiction was not conquered and she continued to battle it until she died. Etta James success was only later recognized in the early 2000’s where she was inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame and the Rockabilly Hall of Fame. In 2003 Etta was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement award and soon came out with a new album â€Å"Blue Gardenia† in 2004. Her second to last album â€Å"Let’s Roll† was released in 2005 and won her the Grammy for Best contemporary blues album. In May, 2009 at age 71 Etta James was awarded the Soul/Blues Female Artist of the Year award from the Blues Foundation for the ninth time! The very next year while she was touring, she was forced to cancel many of her shows due to her gradually failing health after it was revealed that she was suffering from Dementia and Leukemia. Etta released her final album in November 2011, which was critically acclaimed and soon after died two months later. After listening to the song â€Å"I’d Rather go Blind† you can’t help but have an appreciation for Etta. You can sense the despair in her voice like she really does not want that man to leave her. I love the way it crescendo’s or builds up the emotion throughout the song. I also love the song â€Å"I just want to make love to you.† The way she goes into her gravelly voice is really unique.

Sentence Type Basics for English Learners

There are four sentence types in English: Declarative, Imperative, Interrogative and Exclamatory.   Declarative: Tomll come to the meeting tomorrow.Imperative: Turn to page 232 in your science book.Interrogative: Where do you live?Exclamatory: Thats awesome! Declarative A declarative sentence declares or states a fact, arrangement or opinion. Declarative sentences can be either positive or negative. A declarative sentence  ends with a period (.). Ill meet you at the train station.The sun rises in the East.He doesnt get up early. Imperative The imperative form instructs (or sometimes requests). The imperative takes no subject as you is the implied subject. The imperative form ends with either a period (.) or an exclamation point (!). Open the door.Finish your homeworkPick up that mess. Interrogative The interrogative asks a question. In the interrogative form, the auxiliary verb precedes the subject which is then followed by the main verb (i.e., Are you coming ....?). The interrogative form ends with a question mark (?). How long have you lived in France?When does the bus leave?Do you enjoy listening to classical music? Exclamatory The exclamatory form emphasizes a statement (either declarative or imperative) with an exclamation point (!). Hurry up!That sounds fantastic!I cant believe you said that! Sentence Structures Writing in English begins with the sentence. Sentences are then combined into paragraphs. Finally, paragraphs are used to write longer structures such as essays,  business reports, etc.  The first sentence structure is the most common: Simple Sentences Simple sentences contain no conjunction (i.e., and, but, or, etc.). Frank ate his dinner quickly.Peter and Sue visited the museum last Saturday.Are you coming to the party? Compound Sentences Compound sentences contain two statements that are connected by a conjunction (i.e., and, but, or, etc.). Practice writing compound sentences with this compound sentence  writing exercise. I wanted to come, but it was late.The company had an excellent year, so they gave everyone a bonus.I went shopping, and my wife went to her classes. Complex Sentences Complex sentences contain a dependent clause and at least one independent clause. The two clauses are connected by a subordinator (i.e, which, who, although, despite, if, since, etc.). My daughter, who was late for class, arrived shortly after the bell rang.Thats the man who bought our houseAlthough it was difficult, the class passed the test with excellent marks. Compound/Complex Sentences Compound/complex sentences contain at least one dependent clause and more than one independent clause. The clauses are connected by both conjunctions (i.e., but, so, and, etc.) and subordinators (i.e., who, because, although, etc.) John, who briefly visited last month, won the prize, and he took a short vacation.Jack forgot his friends birthday, so he sent him a card when he finally remembered.The report which Tom compiled was presented to the board, but it was rejected because it was too complex.

The Legacy Of John Ireland - 1420 Words

Unlike presidents, state governors tend to fade in the memories of citizens. Overtime, despite many accomplishments and two terms, John Ireland has joined the long-lost list of forgotten governors. The mention of his name fails to incite anything but blank expressions from Texas citizens. In light of his influence on one of Texas most famed buildings, it might seem as though his name might ring a couple of bells, but no such luck. Clearly, John Ireland has been forgotten for too long. What did this man do for Texas and why should he be remembered? Time to find out. Although Ireland lived in Texas for the majority of his life, he was born in Millerstown, Kentucky in January of 1827 (Elliot). His lifetime law career began at the young age of eighteen when he took on a deputy sheriff position in his home county (Who was John Ireland?). Even in the face of limited educational opportunities (his parents were Irish immigrants), Ireland succeeded in becoming a lawyer in 1852 (Johnson 42). Only a year after this triumph, John moved to Seguin, Texas and began a prosperous law career (Johnson 43). Following the proper order of things, Ireland married Matilda Wicks Faircloth in 1854, but she would die two years later (Elliot). However, John Ireland does not seem to be the kind of man anyone could keep down for long, as he married again in 1857 (Elliot). With his new wife, Anna Maria Penn, Ireland had three daughters (Elliot). Although he was starting a family, John continuedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis on To Ireland in the Coming Times1608 Words   |  7 PagesCindy R Guzman March 5th, 2013 Analysis of â€Å"To Ireland In The Coming Times† Yeats is known as an influential poet of the 20th century. His love and affection for Ireland and his people can be seen in many of his poems. In â€Å"To Ireland in the coming times† Yeats passion for Ireland and the revolution against Britain at the time can be seen in his writing. 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Indecisiveness over support for early part of Napoleonic War (France Britain) 5. XYZ Affair 6. Deeply split own party due to indecisiveness b. What policies did he try to pursue, and what mistakes did he make as chief executive? - The Alien and Sedition Acts that John Adams were largely betrayalRead MoreBiography of John Maynard Keynes Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagesand professors whose ideas and theories have fundamentally affected our thoughts and practices, but none has been as influential on this subject as John Maynard Keynes. He was a British economist who revolutionized economic thinking and to this day his work continues to be appreciated and utilized by many into what is known as â€Å"Keynesian Economics.† John Maynard Keynes was an Englishman born in 1883, who went on to become one of the most influential economists of the twentieth century. We know thisRead More William Marshall Essay1273 Words   |  6 PagesLion-hearted), and John. William was born around 1147 to John Marshall and Sybil of Salisbury during the reign of King Stephen. His father, John Marshall, served as a court officer and eventually earned the status of a minor baron. John Marshall was a shrewd soldier and a skilled negotiator. He was the premier example of lordship in William’s life. William’s relationship with his father would be brief and he would never experience him beyond his childhood. John Marshall died in 1165. John would leaveRead MoreWilliam Penn Essay2985 Words   |  12 PagesWilliam Penn and the Quaker Legacy For many Americans, William Penn is just known as the Quaker leader who founded Pennsylvania and for his ‘Holy Experiment’. Penn’s achievements were far greater than just the founding of a colony. He had devotion and spirit and love for the Quaker sect and in turn spent his whole life trying to get others to see the good in Quakerism and create toleration for the religion. In the biography of William Penn and the Quaker Legacy, John Moretta asserts that WilliamRead MoreNorth Carolin The Legacy Of The English1875 Words   |  8 Pagesa â€Å"Cittie of Raleigh† in his first colony. (Powell, 1989, p. 212). The most obvious influence of English settlement in North Carolina is the legacy of the English language, the English system of weights and measures, which ironically the English no longer use, the system of governance and as mentioned earlier, the naming of counties and towns. Another legacy of the English influence in North Carolina is the textile industry. Early colonists smuggled their knitting frames to the colonies. Taking these

Examining Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers Theories - 863 Words

Introduction I hereby will be focusing on Humanistic Perspectives by examining Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers’s theories. I will examine their theories, by starting with Carl Rogers’s theory then Abraham Maslow’s theory. I will also evaluate the human perspectives and apply Abraham Maslow’s theory to my own life. Roger’s Person-centred Carl Roger was one of the founders of human potential movement, he agreed with the main assumptions of Maslow but he added that for an individual to grow they need an environment that provides them with empathy and genuineness acceptance. The self Rogers viewed personality structure in terms of one construct; he named the construct the self. A person’s self-concept is the way he or she views herself. It is all in the mind of the individual. Carl Roger states that each individual is aware of his self-concept, he also emphasis the subjective nature of self-concept. Most people tend to twist their experiences to an extent that they promote a relatively favourable self-concept for example, one might think that she is attractive while another person might not even agree. Roger called the gap between self-concept and reality incongruence. If a person’s self-concept is true than that is called congruence. (Weiten.w.2014) Development of the self In terms of personality development Roger is concord wit how congruence or incongruence is promoted in childhood experiences. According to Roger people have a strong need for affection, love andShow MoreRelatedDescription in Detail of the Humanistic Theories by Rogers and Maslow1517 Words   |  7 Pagespersonal growth. People like Carl Rogers who have brought about person-centred theory and Abraham Maslow who has developed a hierarchy of needs, where he emphasized on self-actualization. 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Starbucks Case Analysis Free Essays

string(130) " an effective cost leadership strategy depends on careful monitoring of a firm’s internal operations and its customers’ need\." Starbucks corporation| Starbucks Corporation Vision- Founded in 1971 Starbucks vision statement is;† To establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected coffee brand inthe  world  and  become  a  national  company  with  values  and  guidingprinciples that employee could be proud of   The vision statement clearly describes the dream or the future of the company that is to be the world’s most well known coffeehouse and also to be the most appreciated and positively graded brand by all levels of people around the world. The  company also  focuses  its  vision  to  employee  satisfactions,  so  that  the employees will be happy. It was an abstract vision that reflected the vision of the founders. We will write a custom essay sample on Starbucks Case Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mission Their mission statement from the company profile is as follows: â€Å"Our mission is to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. † Their core competencies can be defined as high quality coffee and products at accessible locations and affordable prices, provided a community to share in the coffee drinking experience, and variety of choices. Their mission statement includes six elements which they regard as part of their core competencies. Our Coffee It has always been, and will always be, about quality. We’re passionate about ethically sourcing the finest coffee beans, roasting them with great care, and improving the lives of people who grow them. We care deeply about all of this; our work is never done. Our Partners We’re called partners, because it’s not just a job, it’s our passion. Together, we embrace diversity to create a place where each of us can be ourselves. We always treat each other with respect and dignity. And we hold each other to that standard. Our Customers When we are fully engaged, we connect with, laugh with, and uplift the lives of our customers – even if just for a few moments. Sure, it starts with the promise of a perfectly made beverage, but our work goes far beyond that. It’s really about human connection. Our Stores When our customers feel this sense of belonging, our stores become a haven, a break from the worries outside, a place where you can meet with friends. It’s about enjoyment at the speed of life – sometimes slow and savored, sometimes faster. Always full of humanity. Our Neighborhood Every store is part of a community, and we take our responsibility to be good neighbors seriously. We want to be invited in wherever we do business. We can be a force for positive action – bringing together our partners, customers, and the community to contribute every day. Now we see that our responsibility – and our potential for good – is even larger. The world is looking to Starbucks to set the new standard, yet again. We will lead. Our Shareholders We know that as we deliver in each of these areas, we enjoy the kind of success that rewards our shareholders. We are fully accountable to get each of these elements right so that Starbucks – and everyone it touches – can endure and thrive Competitive advantage The advantage a business has over its competition which allows it to reap greater profit margins, retain customers and remains sustainable is referred to as its competitive advantage. Businesses have to have some form of competitive advantage to be successful in the long run. Competitive advantage can take one of three forms that reflect basic customer values: customers want goods and services (1) better, (2) cheaper and (3) faster. These forms of competitive are known as (1) differentiation, (2) cost leadership and (3) quick response respectively. Research has proven that having some form of competitive advantage increases profitability of a firm , having two forms combined leads to highest profitability and firms that have neither form perform poorly or generate just ‘normal’ profits. Competitive advantages that are gained because the pioneer was on the first to enter a market are sometimes called ‘first movers advantages. ’ The three forms of competitive advantage are described below Differentiation Creating a unique bundle of products and/or services that will be highly valued by customers constitutes competitive advantage based on differentiation. Product features, after-sales service, desirable image, technological innovation, reputation, manufacturing consistency, status symbol are attributes that can differentiate products. Each of these features can be considered a form of quality. Differentiation allows firms to reap higher-than-typical returns because competitive rivalry maybe lessened as firms successfully distinguish themselves; brand loyal customers are less price sensitive, new entrants entering the market have to overcome the barriers to entry. However, if many firms adopt a differentiation strategy then they are all perceived as equals and specialists operating in niche markets may be more successful at differentiation and a continuous attempt to stay ahead of customers may result in ‘gold plating’ ( the development of features which are not valued by consumers but add to the price). Successful differentiation depends on (1) understanding what customers value, (2) being uniquely able to provide that value, and (3) being able to charge a premium price for it. Cost leadership This competitive advantage requires achieving a low-cost position relative to one’s competition. Classic cost leadership strategy involves creating a no-frills product aimed at the most typical customer in a large target market. Standardization of products and services is looked for in cost leadership and targeting a large market segment for these standard products allows for mass production techniques which create greatest possible benefits from economies of scale and experience curve effects. Cost leadership addresses competitive forces in the following ways; holding the low-cost position convinces rivals to hold a price war, low-cost producers are protected from customer pressures of lowering prices, because of higher margins low-cost producers are better able to withstand pressures from increasing in suppliers’ costs, barriers to entry exist for new entrants and manufacturers use price to threaten substitute products. However, cost leadership has some drawbacks namely ; cost leadership can be called an ‘all-or-nothing strategy’, cost cutting that leads to loss of desirable roduct attributes can be ruinous, it is easily duplicated by competitors, and dedication to cost cutting limits a firm’s abilities to remain competitive in other ways. Use of an effective cost leadership strategy depends on careful monitoring of a firm’s internal operations and its customers’ need. You read "Starbucks Case Analysis" in category "Papers" Quick r esponse This form of competitive advantage stresses on the provision of the quality and cost the customer wants faster than the competition does. Quick response refers to the speed with which a new product, a product improvement, or even a managerial decision that affects the customers can be made. It is a way of looking at a firm’s flexibility. Competitive advantage can be achieved through quick response in which such as faster development of new products, customizing products, improving existing products, delivery of ordered products,, adjusting marketing efforts, answering customers’ questions. Firms with quick response can avoid head-to-head rivalry, faster forms can charge a premium pricing, faster firms encourage quick response from suppliers, and quick response deals with the threats of new entrants and substitute products by leading in innovation themselves. However it must be kept in mind, speed is not equally important to all markets or customers, speed creates stress, and speed for speed’s sake does not create competitive advantage. Starbucks Competitive Advantage Starbucks competitive advantage is a mixture of differentiation and quick response. Since their coffee is priced at $4 a cup; they are clearly not competing on costs here. In fact at Starbucks’ it’s the opposite. The brand image that has been created due to the strong differentiated marketing efforts, the ambience of their outlets has created a brand loyalty in Starbucks customers. They are willing to pay a premium price because they feel they are having the best coffee made with the finest quality ingredients. Starbucks achieved the first movers advantage as they were among the pioneers of coffee houses in America, also they have maintained their leadership in the market by launching new variants and varieties faster than competition does and have upgraded their menu from time to time. Their supply chain is integrated vertically and horizontally allowing for a faster response time among suppliers and with customers. They have used elebrities to endorse their brand further enhancing their differentiation strategy. Because Starbucks has successfully differentiated itself, developed a strong brand following, has opened up outlets to cater to their target market both in U. S. A. and globally, has always strived to serve its customers faster, and focused on innovation, it is able to reap higher-than-average returns. They have also been quick in realizing their fail ures as the case mentions them closing down stores that were not functioning. Thus this shows that the corporation is quite flexible in its operating decisions. Starbucks Corporate Strategy- how they have used it to create a successful business model The corporate strategy for Starbucks was an expansion strategy based on opening new outlets in U. S. and expanding overseas. Operations: They looked for diversification and vertical and horizontal integration to maximize control over their supply chain and maintain satisfied customers. They launched new products and variants to maintain their leadership in the market. A differentiation and quick response strategy is used. HR: Starbucks looks for diversity in its employees. They employ people from various backgrounds and give them independence and freedom to make decisions. This has enabled Starbucks to address customers faster and reduced their response time. Also hiring people form diversified backgrounds helps them in their expansion strategy and improves their communication in new countries of expansion. Marketing: Their marketing has always been coffee centric. They have strived to create a strong brand identity and brand loyalty. Starbucks is not just about coffee. It is about providing that experience of comfort, socializing and happiness. This is what they build on. The firm has been successful in maintaining premium pricing because of the creation of a brand image that allows for it. Finance: The expansions have been sensible and not based on intangible goodwill or long term debts. The firm has invested a lot in fixed assets and their debt to asset ratio is low. The management started closing down low operational stores; instead of letting they operate at losses, indicating the management’s concentration on financial efficiency and having good financial ratios. The following strategies have enabled Starbucks to maximize its reach to its consumers by opening up different outlets globally hich have lead to market development and increased profitability. Starbucks expansions have all been well financed and done sensibly. Also their quickness to act in areas where they were reporting losses further shows that their Corporate strategy has lead to successful business development model. The product variety offered at Starbucks has enabled it to remain market leader thus showing that RD efforts are paying off. The exceptional customer service due to the employment of a diversified labor force has facilitated business expansion and increased the size of the pie for Starbucks. Starbucks thus has transformed the image of ‘coffee. ’ The strong brand loyalty supported by a well managed expansion plan which allows them to be present where their customers want them has made the business a success. Need analysis A need analysis is the process of identifying what the users need and want. It related to the goals, inspirations and objectives of the users. Following shows the factors that contribute to customer satisfaction at Starbucks. Thus Starbucks needs to discover what consumers want regarding the product quality, price and service. Following are SWOT ands PESTLE analysis of Starbucks which give a clearer picture of the strengths and environment within which the firm is operating. SWOT Analysis Strengths †¢ Brand recognition and consumer loyalty †¢ Diverse product portfolio catering to all tastes and ages, including non? coffee beverages and food items †¢ Excellent customer service and the value of the Starbucks experience †¢ Licensing relationships with top? brands such as Pepsi? Cola and Kraft that minimize costs and leverage the strategic advantages of those companiesxviii †¢ Strong employee relationships Economies of scale providing superior distribution networks and supplier power †¢ Primly? located retail stores †¢ Positive image attributed to socialresponsibility Weaknesses †¢ Pay 23% more for coffee than market prices †¢ Saturation of the market diminishes long? term growth prospects †¢ No monetary switching costs for consumers †¢ Negative large corp oration image †¢ Potential limitations of international expansion due to cultural clashes with American coffee experiences. Opportunities †¢ Have the ability to reduce premiums paid for coffee Room forinternational expansion (78% ofrevenues came from the United States in fiscal 2007 and international same? store sales growth is strong)xix †¢ Room to compete on multiple fronts including quality and price †¢ Increase licensing relationships to further utilize brand strength to capture profits at little cost to the company Threats †¢ Increasing coffee and dairy prices †¢ Intense competition in the specialty coffee beverage business †¢ Unfavorable economic conditions that lowerthe demand for expensive beverages †¢ Community resistance to store expansion The possibility that the demand for specialty coffee is a fad †¢ Diverging from the Starbucks experience †¢ Further diversification of fast food restaurants that cuts into market share. P ESTLE ANALYSIS The PESTLE analysis of Starbucks. Political: Taxation policy High taxation imposed on farmers in those countries producing the coffee bean will usually mean Starbucks pay a higher price for the coffee they purchase. Any fluctuations in taxation levels in the industry are almost certainly ultimately passed on to the consumer Deregulation A decade ago, the USA pulled out of the ICA (international Coffee Agreement) hat set export quotas for producing nations and kept the price of coffee fairly stable. Coffee quotas and  price controls ended. Since the deregulation farmers have suffered and their earnings have dropped. Many have struggled to make a living so have given up. International trade regulations/tariffs – Trade issues will affect Starbucks predominantly when exporting and importing goods. When another country’s government imposes a tariff it not only results in an efficiency loss for Starbucks but large income transfers can become inconsistent wit h equity. This extra charge can turn a bargain into a rip-off. Also, since 9/11, trade relations have been adversely affected between the USA and some other countries. International  stability The international economy must be brought into  consideration as it can affect Starbucks’ sales and markets. The aftermath of 9/11 was an example of an economic downturn that affected the world market. If the world market is in a slump it is not usually the ideal time for a  business to look at grand expansion. Employment law A reduction in licensing and permit costs in those countries producing the coffee bean for  Starbucks would lower production costs for farmers. This saving would in turn be passed on to the purchaser. Economic: * Interest rates – A rise in interest rates means investment and expansion plans are put off resulting in falling sales for Starbucks and their suppliers. Also mortgage repayments rise so consumers have less disposable income to spend on luxury  products such as coffee. Low interest rates should have the opposite effect. * Economic Growth – If growth is low in the nation of location of Starbucks then sales may also fall. Consumer incomes tend to fall in periods of negative growth leaving less disposable income. Consumer confidence in products can also fall if the economic ‘mood’ is low* Inflation rates – Inflation is a condition of increasing prices. It is measured using the Retail Price Index (RPI) in the UK. Business costs will rise for Starbucks through inflation, as will shoe-leather costs as they shop around for new ‘best prices’ of  materials, menu costs will rise as Starbucks have to create new price lists. Also, uncertainty is created when making decisions not least because inflation redistributes money from lenders to borrowers. Competitors pricing – Competitive pricing from competitors can start a price war for  Starbucks that can drive down profits and profit margins as they attempt to increase, or at least maintain, their share of the market. * Globalisation – Globalisation of the coffee market has meant farmers of the bean now earn less money than they used to. This can result in a decrease of people willing to do it for a livi ng, which will mean a decrease in coffee produced, resulting in a drop in Starbucks supply levels and probably profits. * Exchange rates – Starbucks are affected by exchange rates when dealing with international trade. If the value of the currency falls in the country of a coffee supplier  this enables Starbucks to get more for their $ or L when importing the goods to their  country. This saving can be passed along to the customer. Exchange rates are forever  changing throughout the world in today’s market. Social: Population demographics – Population demographics are a very important factor for  Starbucks as they identify what parts of the population they need to aim their products at or which parts of the population they need to encourage to visit their stores more than they presently do. Looking at the table in the case study demonstrating the  percentage of the age groups that drink coffee or specialty coffee it can be seen that the age groups that Starbucks should be aiming their marketing at are the people  between 35 and 54. They should consider targeting the 18-24 age group as they drink  the least amount comparatively and by encouraging this segment to choose Starbucks coffee now, there is a chance they may continue to drink it long into the future. Income distribution – Where income is distributed is another factor that Starbucks should look at as this also demonstrates the ideal place to aim their marketing or to locate their stores. Coffee is more of a luxury product so it is those people/places with the most amount of disposable income to spend that should be targeted the most intensely. * Attitude to work – Starbucks would not want to locate to an area where the local  population have a poor attitude to work. Recruitment would be difficult, training arduous, and staff turnover would be high. Attitudes to work are important in other  ways. A large number of workers in large cities now go out for their lunch rather than use an internal canteen. Starbucks can use this to their advantage and promote the shop as a place where people can meet up and so it will mean that they will get alarger amount of people in their stores at this time of the day. * Standard of education/skills – When Starbucks are deciding upon new premises they must look at the standards of education and skills locally. They must be sure there are  people who live there with sufficient skills to ensure successful operation of the  business, or at least the potential to learn that comes with a good education. Working conditions/safety – Those people with the most disposable income, e. g. young single professionals etc, will be accustomed to high standards. Starbucks must ensure its shops are clean and comfortable, service is of the highest order and health and safety issues are fully addressed * Location – Transport needs to the p remises must be considered for both staff and customers. Easy access is vital to ensure there is no excuse for staff to arrive late or  for customers not to visit. Age distribution – Research shows the average age of the population is getting older  and birth rates are stagnating. Starbucks is presently aiming it’s product at young  people but maybe these views will change in the long-term as the market proportion for young people diminishes. The most profitable way forward may be to widen their  target market despite the risk of alienating present customers. * Health consciousness – Good health and foodstuffs associated with healthy living are important I today’s market place, as this is a trend that is occurring at the moment in western societies. Starbucks can use this information when deciding the additional  products to sell, as well as coffee, as a large number of their customers are looking for  healthy alternatives to cakes and biscuits, which have been associated with coffee in the past. Technological: * IT development – Starbucks is always looking to develop and improve its Internet facilities. Starbucks launched its first-generation e-commerce Web site in 1998. In late1999, Starbucks decided the site needed a major upgrade to enable new functionality and prepare for long-term growth. To achieve these goals, Starbucks upgraded to Microsoft Commerce Server 2000, one of the key Microsoft . NET Enterprise Servers. As a result, scalability and performance have improved, and the company now has the tools it needs to profile and target customers, analyze site data, and deliver new features to the market in the shortest time possible. * New materials and processes – Developments in the technology of coffee making machines and the computers that Starbucks use to run their cash registers will enable their staff to work more quickly and efficiently. This will result in customers being served quicker and create the potential to serve more customers in a day. This will  prevent customers from having to wait around for long periods thus improving customer relations along with increasing the customer base. * Software upgrades – In the short-term, Starbucks must identify the most efficient software upgrades to use to keep up with the competition. This applies to the improving the accessibility of their website (www. starbucks. com) and also improving the speed and quality of the service provided on the shop floor. Research and Development activity – As a multi-national business empire, Starbucks has the budget and the resources to have a cutting-edge R+D department. The website is very accessible, the facilities are state of the art but more importantly new ideas are consistently being tried in terms of a constantly updating menu. * Rate of technological change – The rate of technological change in the current world market is high, much higher than, say, thirty years ago. Much of this is down to the Internet and the speed with which information can be communicated around the globe. Starbucks will need to invest heavily just to stand still in their ever expanding and developing market, and even more so to try to stay ahead of competitors. Legal: * Trade and product restrictions – Starbucks need to be aware of the trade laws in the various countries they occupy and do business with. They need to ensure they are not in violation of e. g. , religious laws. Also, certain countries impose a tariff that has to be  paid when goods are imported/exported so this must be taken into account. * Employment law – Each country has varying employment laws. Some may have aSabbath day, diwali,some may have a limit on the number of hours an employee may work  Ã‚  per week, all will have varying levels of minimum wage. Starbucks should consider  these factors when deciding on relocation. * Health and Safety regulations – Starbucks may find these regulations are not as stringent or well enforced in certain countries. It would be wise though to enforce universally high standard of health and safety throughout all it’s shops to maintain a good global image and ensure all laws are abided by. Also, by not maintaining high standards they will be liable for a large amount of civil cases as it is a legal requirement for them to enable that their staff and customers are safe when they are intheir stores. * Monopolies commission – If Starbucks consider expanding their operations further  to control an even larger percentage of the market than they already have they will have to consider the possibility of breaking monopolies legislation as they may have a share of the market that is too large. This would mean that they would have unfair  advantage over other companies in the same market. This would mean that they could  benefit from economies of scale and would also be able to charge prices that were not competitive in the market and get away with it due to the lack of competition. * Land use – Starbucks may have to abide by local planning regulations when building shops or altering purchased sites, as certain areas of land may be protected or  unsuitable. All matters would be addressed by the local government. Environmental: Pollution problems – Starbucks customers create a lot of waste as they often leave the shop with their cup of coffee and then dispose of it in the street. The packaging for  this cup must be carefully considered to make it as biologically degradable as  possible. Certain other materials can be very harmful to the natural environment. * Planning permissions – Planning permission may not be granted if Starbucks wish to  build in an area that could be harmful to the environment. The land may be protected. * Work disposal – Starbucks need to carefully consider the methods in which they dispose of their waste as there are strict laws in most countries to ensure a firm trading in their country disposes of the waste that is created in their business in a specific and efficient way. If they do not follow these laws they may find themselves being sanctioned, which not only affects them financially but also tarnishes the reputation of  the brand name, as most of the waste created will bear the logo of Starbucks. * Environmental pressure groups – Starbucks should be aware of the physical and influential power of groups such as Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth. Any violation of animal or environmental rights by a company is usually followed by a swift and attention-drawing protest from one of the groups. Brand image and customer bases are often irreconcilably tarnished due to the actions of these groups Porter’s five forces Barriers to Entry: Medium-High –  Low  capital requirement:  It can be varied depend  on  the location, but  it would be safe to say  coffee industry   still  requires low capital compared to other industries. –  Little  product  differentiation: It is difficult to establish a certain unique flavor for coffee. – can be offered at restaurants which normally don’t serve coffee as a beverage; this will allow for even lesser investment. Threat of Substitutes: High – Soda, fresh fruit juice, healthy juice for drink and tea are all direct substitutes for coffee. – Alcohol drink- beer, wine,  cocktail,  and more can be indirect substitutes. ( Alcohol drinks will be sold in only a few selected places,  so it is  too early  to  get rid of alcohol drinks in the threat of substitution part. ) Bargaining power of Buyer: Medium-high – Even though the price goes up, the buyers who like only  Starbucks would still come. The brand has generated enormous brand loyalty.   Buyers can  buy their coffee from various  places: Starbucks has their stores  all over the nation, so as other major companies do. Buyers have a lot of substitutes to choose from. Supplier Power: Low-Medium – Starbucks is a global coffee chain and many suppliers are eager to work with them. The company has successfully established vertical integration to make suppliers loyal to its supply chain. –  It c an be problematic if  a certain product  suppliers raise the price of their product, such as green tea powder or coffee bean. Although Starbucks decided to  change their suppliers because it still takes some time to inform  to the customer and price changes will be inevitable. Industry Rivalry: High –  Many companies: Coffee Bean, Mcdonald’s, Dunkin Donuts, and local  cafe. –  Also; McDonald’s had started an advertising attack aimed directly at Starbuck’s saying ‘$4 coffee is dumb. ’Thus; rivalry was high. –  Many people started to look for  more  healthy  and fresh  juice instead of coffee, so there is little chance that demand is growing at the same rate as it was earlier. How to cite Starbucks Case Analysis, Papers